Ricin Toxicity: Clinical and Molecular Aspects

نویسندگان

  • Fatemeh Hamid Department of Laboratory Medicine, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  • Leila Etemad Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  • Mohammad Moshiri Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده مقاله:

Seeds of the castor bean plant Ricinuscommunis L (CB) contain ricin toxin (RT), one of the most poisonous naturally-occurring substances known. Ricin toxin, a water-soluble glycoprotein that does not partition into the oil extract, is a ribosome-inactivating toxin composed of two chains, labeled A and B. Severity of the toxicity varies depending on the route of exposure to the toxin. Inhalational is the most toxic route, followed by oral ingestion. Orally-ingested RT accumulates in the liver and spleen but other cells are also affected. The main clinical manifestations are also related to the administration route. Oral ingestion of CB or RT results in abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, and various types of gastrointestinal bleeding that leading to volume depletion, hypovolemic shock, and renal failure. Inhalation of the toxin presents with non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, diffuse necrotizing pneumonia, interstitial and alveolar inflammation, and edema. Local injection of RT induces indurations at the injection site, swelling of regional lymph nodes, hypotension, and death. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to detect RT in animal tissues and fluids. Ricinine, an alkaloid of CB, can be detected in rat urine within 48 h of RT exposure. Supportive care is the basic treatment and standard biowarfare decontamination protocols are used for RT intoxication. Dexamethasone and difluoromethylornithine might be effective treatments. This review examines the clinical and molecular aspects of ricin toxicity.

برای دانلود باید عضویت طلایی داشته باشید

برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

ricin toxicity: clinical and molecular aspects

seeds of the castor bean plant ricinuscommunis l (cb) contain ricin toxin (rt), one of the most poisonous naturally-occurring substances known. ricin toxin, a water-soluble glycoprotein that does not partition into the oil extract, is a ribosome-inactivating toxin composed of two chains, labeled a and b. severity of the toxicity varies depending on the route of exposure to the toxin. inhalation...

متن کامل

Ricin Toxicity: Clinical and Molecular Aspects.

Seeds of the castor bean plant Ricinuscommunis L (CB) contain ricin toxin (RT), one of the most poisonous naturally-occurring substances known. Ricin toxin, a water-soluble glycoprotein that does not partition into the oil extract, is a ribosome-inactivating toxin composed of two chains, labeled A and B. Severity of the toxicity varies depending on the route of exposure to the toxin. Inhalation...

متن کامل

Toxocariasis: clinical aspects, epidemiology, medical ecology, and molecular aspects.

Toxocariasis is caused by a series of related nematode species (ascarids) that routinely infect dogs and cats throughout the world. The eggs from these ascarids are common environmental contaminants of human habitation, due largely to the fact that many kinds of dogs and cats serve as pets, while countless others run wild throughout the streets of most urban centers. The eggs, present in dog an...

متن کامل

[Glucotransporters: clinical, molecular and genetic aspects].

Oxidation of glucose is the major source of obtaining cell energy, this process requires glucose transport into the cell. However, cell membranes are not permeable to polar molecules such as glucose; therefore its internalization is accomplished by transporter proteins coupled to the cell membrane. In eukaryotic cells, there are two types of carriers coupled to the membrane: 1) cotransporter Na...

متن کامل

Gastric carcinoma: clinical, pathogenic, and molecular aspects.

It is generally accepted that the incidence of gastric carcinoma is declining," although some have argued that this decline may have resulted from refinements in diagnosis and classification of abdominal malignancies rather than being a true decline. Yet even today, gastric carcinoma still counts as one of most common causes of cancer-related death, with reported overall five-year survival rate...

متن کامل

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis: clinical and molecular aspects.

Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TPP) is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism that most often affects young East Asian males but increasingly also in other ethnic groups. The typical presentation is acute attacks varying from mild weakness to total paralysis starting at night or in the early morning a few hours after a heavy meal, alcohol abuse or strenuous exercise with complete recovery withi...

متن کامل

منابع من

با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

ذخیره در منابع من قبلا به منابع من ذحیره شده

{@ msg_add @}


عنوان ژورنال

دوره 4  شماره 2

صفحات  60- 65

تاریخ انتشار 2016-05

با دنبال کردن یک ژورنال هنگامی که شماره جدید این ژورنال منتشر می شود به شما از طریق ایمیل اطلاع داده می شود.

کلمات کلیدی

میزبانی شده توسط پلتفرم ابری doprax.com

copyright © 2015-2023